Threonine
| Evidence Level: L5 | Predicted Indications: 10 |
Table of Contents
Threonine: From Parenteral Nutrition (Amino Acid Supplementation) to Gastroparesis
One-Sentence Summary
Threonine is an essential amino acid used as a component of parenteral nutrition and amino acid infusion products. The TxGNN model predicts it may be effective for gastroparesis, but no clinical trials and no literature currently support this direction. The prediction rests on a model score alone.
Quick Overview
| Item | Content |
|---|---|
| Original Indication | Not stated in the registration data (marketed as a component of amino acid and parenteral nutrition infusions) |
| Predicted New Indication | Gastroparesis |
| TxGNN Prediction Score | 99.32% |
| Evidence Level | L5 |
| Singapore Market Status | ✓ Marketed |
| Number of Registrations | 19 |
| Recommended Decision | Hold |
Why is This Prediction Reasonable?
Currently, detailed mechanism of action data is not available. Based on known information, threonine is an essential amino acid supplied in intravenous nutrition products, and its role is nutritional rather than pharmacological.
The data compiled for this report found no established prokinetic or gastric-motility mechanism for threonine, so no mechanistic link to gastroparesis can be supported. The high score reflects a pattern in the knowledge graph, not biological or clinical evidence.
Other predicted indications were also reviewed. The only weak, indirect signal is for dyspepsia (score 98.79%, L4): a 2016 rat study showed that certain amino acids influence gastric adaptive relaxation. The other papers retrieved for dyspepsia concern herbal formulas, network pharmacology or GWAS, and appear to be keyword matches. The remaining predictions (obsolete vitamin D deficiency, renal tubular acidosis, postgastrectomy syndrome, hypophosphatemic rickets, congenital prothrombin deficiency, albinism-deafness syndrome, postmenopausal osteoporosis) have no plausible threonine-specific rationale.
Clinical Trial Evidence
Currently no related clinical trials registered.
Literature Evidence
Currently no related literature available for gastroparesis.
For the second-ranked prediction, dyspepsia, the one potentially relevant item is:
| PMID | Year | Type | Journal | Key Findings |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 27558952 | 2016 | Preclinical (rat) | J Smooth Muscle Res | Evaluated how selected amino acids influence gastric adaptive relaxation (accommodation), a plausible but indirect link to functional dyspepsia |
Singapore Market Information
Approved indication text is not available in the registration records. The 19 valid single-ingredient registrations are all infusion or injection products. The main ones are:
| Authorization Number | Product Name | Dosage Form | Approved Indication |
|---|---|---|---|
| SIN16337P | AMINOVEN Solution for Infusion 15% | Infusion, solution | Not available |
| SIN11682P | AMINOVEN Solution for Infusion 5% | Injection | Not available |
| SIN06299P | NEPHROSTERIL for Intravenous Infusion | Injection | Not available |
| SIN08352P | AMINOPLASMAL-15% Infusion | Injection | Not available |
| SIN09353P | NUTRINEAL PD4 with 1.1% Amino Acid Solution | Solution, sterile | Not available |
Safety Considerations
- Disease-level contraindications (knowledge graph, not label text): phenylketonuria and disorders of phenylalanine metabolism.
- Drug Interactions: No interaction records were found.
Please refer to the package insert for full warnings and contraindications, as these were not available for this report.
Conclusion and Next Steps
Decision: Hold
Rationale: The gastroparesis prediction is based only on a TxGNN graph score (L5). There are no clinical trials or literature, and no plausible mechanism. The same is true of the other predicted indications. Dyspepsia has only an indirect preclinical signal.
To proceed, the following is needed:
- Mechanism of action data for threonine, and any evidence of an effect on gastric motility
- Targeted literature review of amino acids and gastric emptying or accommodation, including human studies
- Package insert warnings and contraindications from HSA
- Assessment of route compatibility, since current products are intravenous nutrition formulations and not oral or enteral products suited to gastric disorders
- Preclinical or early human studies (for example, gastric emptying measurements) before further consideration
Disclaimer
This content is for research purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Clinical validation is required before any clinical application.